List of PHP Operators

PHP provides different types of operations similar to other programming languages. They are divided into the following categories:

• Arithmetic operators
• Logical operators
• Comparison operators
• Increment / Decrement operators
• Conditional operators
• Assignment operators
• Array operators
• String operators

1) Arithmetic Operators

They are used to perform different arithmetic operations between two or more variable

Operator	Description	Example:(here m = 8, n = 2 )
+	Addition	$x = $m + $n    // Ans: $x=10
–	Subtraction	$x = $m – $n    // Ans: $x=6
*	Multiplication	$x = $m * $n    // Ans: $x=16
/	Division	$x = $m / $n    // Ans: $x=4
%	Modulus	$x = $m % $n    // Ans: $x=0

2) Logical Operators

They are used to perform logical operations like AND Operation, OR Operation and NOT operations between two or more variables.

Operator	Description	Example:(here m = 8, n = 2 )
&&	AND	$x = ($m > 0) && ($n < 5)     // Ans: true
||	OR	$x = ($m == 8) || ($n < 0)    // Ans: true
!	NOT	$x = !($n == $m – 6)    // Ans: false
xor	XOR	$x = ($m == 8) xor ($n < 0)    // Ans: true

NOTE:

• AND operation returns true if both conditions are true otherwise it is false.
• OR operation is false if both conditions are false otherwise it is true.
• NOT operation returns the opposite result of a condition.
• XOR operation is false if both conditions are same either true or false otherwise it is true.
• Logical operations are used to get result for given conditions and based on that result further actions are taken.

3) Comparison Operators

They are created to compare two or more variables. They are mostly used with logical operators.

Operator	Description	Example:(here m = 8, n = 2 , int)
>	greater than	$x = $m > $n    // Ans: true
<	less than	$x = $m < 5    // Ans: false
>=	greater than Or equal to	$x = $m >= $n    // Ans: true
<=	less than Or equal to	$x = $n <= 2    // Ans: true
==	equal to	$x = ($m == “8”) // Ans: true
===	equal to with Equal type	$x = ($m === 8)    // Ans: true
!=	not equal to	$x = $m != $n    //Ans: true
<>	not equal to	$x = $m <> $n    //Ans: true
!==	not equal to with Not Equal type	$x = $m !== 5    // Ans: true
<=>	spaceship	$x = ($m <=> $n)

Note: The spaceship is a new operator introduced in PHP 7.

• It returns -1 if $m is less than $n.
• It returns 0 if $m is equal $n.
• It returns +1 if $m is greater than $n.

4) Increment – Decrement operator

They are used to increment and decrement the values.

Operator	Description
++	Increment
—	Decrement

Note: Based on the position they are used, we can divide them into two types:

Pre-increment / Post-increment

Example: (m =8 , n = 2)
Pre increment
$x = $m++; // Ans: x = 8 , m = 9
Post increment
$x = ++$n // Ans: x = 3 , n = 3

Pre decrement / Post decrement

Example: (m =8 , n = 2)
Pre decrement
$x = $m–; // Ans: x = 8 , m = 7
Post decrement
$x = –$n // Ans: x = 1 , n = 1

5) Conditional Operator

In conditional operators, According to the condition, the result value is assigned to a variable.

They are of two types:

1) Ternary Operators:

Syntax:

Variable name = ( condition ) ? val1 : val2

Explanation:

If the condition is true, then val1 is assigned to the variable; otherwise, val2 is assigned to the variable.

Example: (m =8 , n = 2)

$x = ($m > 5) ? 7 : 3 // Ans: x = 7
$x = ($n == 5) ? 7 : 3 // Ans: x = 3

2) Null Coalescing Operators:

Syntax:

Variable name = expr1 ?? val2;

Explanation:

The value of the variable from expr1 is assigned, If the variable exists in code, otherwise val2 is assigned.

Example: (m = 8 , n = 2)

$x = $m ?? 7 // Ans: x = 8

Explanation:

Here value of $m variable already exist in the code so that it is assigned to $x.

$x = $p ?? 3 // Ans: x = 3

Explanation:

Here value of $p variable doesn’t exist in the code so that 3 is assigned to $x.

6) Assignment Operator

It is used to assign value to the PHP variable.
It is denoted by ‘ = ’ sign.

Example:

$m = “Errorsea”;
$n = 5;

Note: PHP also supports shorthand notations with assignment operators.

Operations	Description	Same as (here m = 8, n = 2 )
$m = $n	assignment	$m = $n // Ans: $m=2
$m += $n	Addition	$m = $m + $n // Ans: $m=10
$m -= $n	Subtraction	$m = $m – $n    // Ans: $m=6
$m *= $n	Multiplication	$m = $m * $n    // Ans: $m=16
$m /= $n	Division	$m = $m / $n    // Ans: $m=4
$m %= $n	Modulus	$m = $m % $n    // Ans: $m=0

7) Array Operator

PHP supports different operators that are used to compare arrays.

Operator	Name	Example (Here $m = [1,2] , $n = [3,4])
+	union	$x = ($m + $n) // Ans: [1,2,3,4]
==	equality	$x = ($m == $) // Ans: false
===	identity	$x = ($m === $n) // Ans: false
!=	inequality	$x = ($m != $n) // Ans: true
<>	inequality	$x = ($m <> $n) // Ans: true
!==	Non-identity	$x = ($m !== $n) // Ans: true

Explanation:

• Union operator returns the union of both the arrays.
• Equality operator compares the arrays and returns true if both are equal otherwise returns false.
• Identity operator compares the arrays and returns true if both are equal and their positions and type are also similar otherwise return false.
• Equality operator compares the arrays and returns true if both are equal otherwise returns false.
• Inequality operator ( != ) compares the arrays and returns true if both are not equal otherwise returns false.
• Inequality operator ( <> )compares the arrays and returns true if both are not equal otherwise returns false.
• Non-identity operator compares the arrays and returns true if both are not equal and type are also different otherwise returns false.

8) String Operator

They are used to concatenate two or more strings in PHP.

Example 1:

$e1 = “I am”;
$e2 = “ Errorsea”;
$e3 = $e1.$e2; // Ans: “I am Errorsea”

Example 2:

$e1 = “I am”;
$e2 = “ Errorsea”;
4e1 .= $e2; // Ans: “I am Errorsea”

Conclusion:

These are the different types of operators used in PHP according to the requirements for providing users the better facilities. User can take actions according to the result of different operators.