PHP provides different types of operations similar to other programming languages. They are divided into the following categories:
- Arithmetic operators
- Logical operators
- Comparison operators
- Increment / Decrement operators
- Conditional operators
- Assignment operators
- Array operators
- String operators
1) Arithmetic Operators
They are used to perform different arithmetic operations between two or more variable
| Operator | Description | Example:(here m = 8, n = 2 ) |
|---|---|---|
| + | Addition | $x = $m + $n // Ans: $x=10 |
| – | Subtraction | $x = $m – $n // Ans: $x=6 |
| * | Multiplication | $x = $m * $n // Ans: $x=16 |
| / | Division | $x = $m / $n // Ans: $x=4 |
| % | Modulus | $x = $m % $n // Ans: $x=0 |
2) Logical Operators
They are used to perform logical operations like AND Operation, OR Operation and NOT operations between two or more variables.
| Operator | Description | Example:(here m = 8, n = 2 ) |
|---|---|---|
| && | AND | $x = ($m > 0) && ($n < 5) // Ans: true |
| || | OR | $x = ($m == 8) || ($n < 0) // Ans: true |
| ! | NOT | $x = !($n == $m – 6) // Ans: false |
| xor | XOR | $x = ($m == 8) xor ($n < 0) // Ans: true |
NOTE:
- AND operation returns true if both conditions are true otherwise it is false.
- OR operation is false if both conditions are false otherwise it is true.
- NOT operation returns the opposite result of a condition.
- XOR operation is false if both conditions are same either true or false otherwise it is true.
- Logical operations are used to get result for given conditions and based on that result further actions are taken.
3) Comparison Operators
They are created to compare two or more variables. They are mostly used with logical operators.
| Operator | Description | Example:(here m = 8, n = 2 , int) |
|---|---|---|
| > | greater than | $x = $m > $n // Ans: true |
| < | less than | $x = $m < 5 // Ans: false |
| >= | greater than Or equal to | $x = $m >= $n // Ans: true |
| <= | less than Or equal to | $x = $n <= 2 // Ans: true |
| == | equal to | $x = ($m == “8”) // Ans: true |
| === | equal to with Equal type | $x = ($m === 8) // Ans: true |
| != | not equal to | $x = $m != $n //Ans: true |
| <> | not equal to | $x = $m <> $n //Ans: true |
| !== | not equal to with Not Equal type | $x = $m !== 5 // Ans: true |
| <=> | spaceship | $x = ($m <=> $n) |
Note: The spaceship is a new operator introduced in PHP 7.
- It returns -1 if $m is less than $n.
- It returns 0 if $m is equal $n.
- It returns +1 if $m is greater than $n.
4) Increment – Decrement operator
They are used to increment and decrement the values.
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| ++ | Increment |
| — | Decrement |
Note: Based on the position they are used, we can divide them into two types:
Pre-increment / Post-increment
Example: (m =8 , n = 2)
Pre increment
$x = $m++; // Ans: x = 8 , m = 9
Post increment
$x = ++$n // Ans: x = 3 , n = 3
Pre decrement / Post decrement
Example: (m =8 , n = 2)
Pre decrement
$x = $m–; // Ans: x = 8 , m = 7
Post decrement
$x = –$n // Ans: x = 1 , n = 1
5) Conditional Operator
In conditional operators, According to the condition, the result value is assigned to a variable.
They are of two types:
1) Ternary Operators:
Syntax:
Variable name = ( condition ) ? val1 : val2
Explanation:
If the condition is true, then val1 is assigned to the variable; otherwise, val2 is assigned to the variable.
Example: (m =8 , n = 2)
$x = ($m > 5) ? 7 : 3 // Ans: x = 7
$x = ($n == 5) ? 7 : 3 // Ans: x = 3
2) Null Coalescing Operators:
Syntax:
Variable name = expr1 ?? val2;
Explanation:
The value of the variable from expr1 is assigned, If the variable exists in code, otherwise val2 is assigned.
Example: (m = 8 , n = 2)
$x = $m ?? 7 // Ans: x = 8
Explanation:
Here value of $m variable already exist in the code so that it is assigned to $x.
$x = $p ?? 3 // Ans: x = 3
Explanation:
Here value of $p variable doesn’t exist in the code so that 3 is assigned to $x.
6) Assignment Operator
It is used to assign value to the PHP variable.
It is denoted by ‘ = ’ sign.
Example:
$m = “Errorsea”;
$n = 5;
Note: PHP also supports shorthand notations with assignment operators.
| Operations | Description | Same as (here m = 8, n = 2 ) |
|---|---|---|
| $m = $n | assignment | $m = $n // Ans: $m=2 |
| $m += $n | Addition | $m = $m + $n // Ans: $m=10 |
| $m -= $n | Subtraction | $m = $m – $n // Ans: $m=6 |
| $m *= $n | Multiplication | $m = $m * $n // Ans: $m=16 |
| $m /= $n | Division | $m = $m / $n // Ans: $m=4 |
| $m %= $n | Modulus | $m = $m % $n // Ans: $m=0 |
7) Array Operator
PHP supports different operators that are used to compare arrays.
| Operator | Name | Example (Here $m = [1,2] , $n = [3,4]) |
|---|---|---|
| + | union | $x = ($m + $n) // Ans: [1,2,3,4] |
| == | equality | $x = ($m == $) // Ans: false |
| === | identity | $x = ($m === $n) // Ans: false |
| != | inequality | $x = ($m != $n) // Ans: true |
| <> | inequality | $x = ($m <> $n) // Ans: true |
| !== | Non-identity | $x = ($m !== $n) // Ans: true |
Explanation:
- Union operator returns the union of both the arrays.
- Equality operator compares the arrays and returns true if both are equal otherwise returns false.
- Identity operator compares the arrays and returns true if both are equal and their positions and type are also similar otherwise return false.
- Equality operator compares the arrays and returns true if both are equal otherwise returns false.
- Inequality operator ( != ) compares the arrays and returns true if both are not equal otherwise returns false.
- Inequality operator ( <> )compares the arrays and returns true if both are not equal otherwise returns false.
- Non-identity operator compares the arrays and returns true if both are not equal and type are also different otherwise returns false.
8) String Operator
They are used to concatenate two or more strings in PHP.
Example 1:
$e1 = “I am”;
$e2 = “ Errorsea”;
$e3 = $e1.$e2; // Ans: “I am Errorsea”
Example 2:
$e1 = “I am”;
$e2 = “ Errorsea”;
4e1 .= $e2; // Ans: “I am Errorsea”
Conclusion:
These are the different types of operators used in PHP according to the requirements for providing users the better facilities. User can take actions according to the result of different operators.